Evaluation of a Grammar of French Determiners

Existing syntactic grammars of natural languages, even with a far from complete coverage, are complex objects. Assessments of the quality of parts of such grammars are useful for the validation of their construction. We evaluated the quality of a grammar of French determiners that takes the form of a recursive transition network. The result of the application of this local grammar gives deeper syntactic information than chunking or information available in treebanks. We performed the evaluation by comparison with a corpus independently annotated with information on determiners. We obtained 86% precision and 92% recall on text not tagged for parts of speech.Comment: 10 page

Reconhecimento do vocabulário de jornais populares brasileiros por um dicionário computacional de acesso livre

We report an experiment of checking the identification of a set of words in popular Portuguese written text with two versions of a computational dictionary of Brazilian Portuguese, DELAF PB 2004 and DELAF PB 2015. This computational dictionary is freely available for use in linguistic analyses of Brazilian Portuguese and other research, which gives reasons for undertaking a critical study. The set of words comes from the PorPopular corpus, composed of popular newspapers, the Diário Gaúcho (DG) and the Bahian newspaper Massa! (MA). From DG, we studied a set of texts with 984,465 words (tokens), published in 2008, in the spelling used before the Orthographic Agreement of the Portuguese Language adopted in 2009. From MA, we examined a vocabulary of 215,776 words (tokens), from papers published in 2012, 2014 and 2015 in the new spelling. The verification involved: a) generating lists of unique words used in DG and MA; b) comparing these lists with the entry lists of the two versions of DELAF PB; c) assessing the coverage of this vocabulary; d) proposing ways of including the items not covered. The results showed that an average of 19% of the types in the DG corpus were unknown by the DELAF PB 2004 and 2015. In the MA sample, this average was 13%. The version of the dictionary impacted slightly on item recognition performance.Relata-se um experimento de verificação da identificação de um universo de palavras do português popular escrito por duas versões de um dicionário computacional do português brasileiro (PB), DELAF PB 2004 e DELAF PB 2015. Esse dicionário computacional é gratuitamente acessível para ser utilizado em análises linguísticas do Português do Brasil e em outras pesquisas, o que justifica um estudo crítico. O universo vocabular provém do corpus PorPopular, composto por jornais populares, o Diário Gaúcho (DG) e o jornal baiano Massa! (MA). Do DG, partiu-se de um conjunto de textos com 984.465 palavras (tokens), publicados em 2008, com ortografia desatualizada frente ao Acordo Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa adotado em 2009. Do MA, examinou-se um universo com 215.776 palavras (tokens), em publicações de 2012, 2014 e 2015, com todo o material na nova ortografia. A verificação envolveu: a) gerar listas de palavras diferentes empregadas em DG e MA; b) comparar essas listas com as listas de entradas das duas versões do DELAF PB; c) avaliar a cobertura desse vocabulário; d) propor modos de inclusão de itens não cobertos. Os resultados do trabalho mostraram, no DG, uma média de 19% de palavras diferentes (types) desconhecidas pelos DELAF PB 2004 e 2015. No MA, essa média ficou em 13%. A versão do dicionário repercutiu ligeiramente sobre o desempenho do reconhecimento de itens

RAD-QTL mapping reveals both genome-level parallelism and different genetic architecture underlying the evolution of body shape in Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) species pairs

Parallel changes in body shape may evolve in response to similar environmental conditions, but whether such parallel phenotypic changes share a common genetic basis is still debated. The goal of this study was to assess whether parallel phenotypic changes could be explained by genetic parallelism, multiple genetic routes, or both. We first provide evidence for parallelism in fish shape by using geometric morphometrics among 300 fish representing five species pairs of Lake Whitefish. Using a genetic map comprising 3438 restriction site-associated DNA sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we then identified quantitative trait loci underlying body shape traits in a backcross family reared in the laboratory. A total of 138 body shape quantitative trait loci were identified in this cross, thus revealing a highly polygenic architecture of body shape in Lake Whitefish. Third, we tested for evidence of genetic parallelism among independent wild populations using both a single-locus method (outlier analysis) and a polygenic approach (analysis of covariation among markers). The single-locus approach provided limited evidence for genetic parallelism. However, the polygenic analysis revealed genetic parallelism for three of the five lakes, which differed from the two other lakes. These results provide evidence for both genetic parallelism and multiple genetic routes underlying parallel phenotypic evolution in fish shape among populations occupying similar ecological niches.Keywords : Adaptive radiation, Parallel evolution, Fish body shape, Geometric morphometrics, Genotyping-by-sequencing

Multiword expressions: Insights from a multi-lingual perspective

Multiword expressions (MWEs) are a challenge for both the natural language applications and the linguistic theory because they often defy the application of the machinery developed for free combinations where the default is that the meaning of an utterance can be predicted from its structure. There is a rich body of primarily descriptive work on MWEs for many European languages but comparative work is little. The volume brings together MWE experts to explore the benefits of a multilingual perspective on MWEs. The ten contributions in this volume look at MWEs in Bulgarian, English, French, German, Maori, Modern Greek, Romanian, Serbian, and Spanish. They discuss prominent issues in MWE research such as classification of MWEs, their formal grammatical modeling, and the description of individual MWE types from the point of view of different theoretical frameworks, such as Dependency Grammar, Generative Grammar, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Lexicon Grammar

Multiword expressions: Insights from a multi-lingual perspective

Multiword expressions (MWEs) are a challenge for both the natural language applications and the linguistic theory because they often defy the application of the machinery developed for free combinations where the default is that the meaning of an utterance can be predicted from its structure. There is a rich body of primarily descriptive work on MWEs for many European languages but comparative work is little. The volume brings together MWE experts to explore the benefits of a multilingual perspective on MWEs. The ten contributions in this volume look at MWEs in Bulgarian, English, French, German, Maori, Modern Greek, Romanian, Serbian, and Spanish. They discuss prominent issues in MWE research such as classification of MWEs, their formal grammatical modeling, and the description of individual MWE types from the point of view of different theoretical frameworks, such as Dependency Grammar, Generative Grammar, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Lexicon Grammar

Multiword expressions: Insights from a multi-lingual perspective

Multiword expressions (MWEs) are a challenge for both the natural language applications and the linguistic theory because they often defy the application of the machinery developed for free combinations where the default is that the meaning of an utterance can be predicted from its structure. There is a rich body of primarily descriptive work on MWEs for many European languages but comparative work is little. The volume brings together MWE experts to explore the benefits of a multilingual perspective on MWEs. The ten contributions in this volume look at MWEs in Bulgarian, English, French, German, Maori, Modern Greek, Romanian, Serbian, and Spanish. They discuss prominent issues in MWE research such as classification of MWEs, their formal grammatical modeling, and the description of individual MWE types from the point of view of different theoretical frameworks, such as Dependency Grammar, Generative Grammar, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Lexicon Grammar

Multiword expressions: Insights from a multi-lingual perspective

Multiword expressions (MWEs) are a challenge for both the natural language applications and the linguistic theory because they often defy the application of the machinery developed for free combinations where the default is that the meaning of an utterance can be predicted from its structure. There is a rich body of primarily descriptive work on MWEs for many European languages but comparative work is little. The volume brings together MWE experts to explore the benefits of a multilingual perspective on MWEs. The ten contributions in this volume look at MWEs in Bulgarian, English, French, German, Maori, Modern Greek, Romanian, Serbian, and Spanish. They discuss prominent issues in MWE research such as classification of MWEs, their formal grammatical modeling, and the description of individual MWE types from the point of view of different theoretical frameworks, such as Dependency Grammar, Generative Grammar, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Lexicon Grammar

Multiword expressions: Insights from a multi-lingual perspective

Multiword expressions (MWEs) are a challenge for both the natural language applications and the linguistic theory because they often defy the application of the machinery developed for free combinations where the default is that the meaning of an utterance can be predicted from its structure. There is a rich body of primarily descriptive work on MWEs for many European languages but comparative work is little. The volume brings together MWE experts to explore the benefits of a multilingual perspective on MWEs. The ten contributions in this volume look at MWEs in Bulgarian, English, French, German, Maori, Modern Greek, Romanian, Serbian, and Spanish. They discuss prominent issues in MWE research such as classification of MWEs, their formal grammatical modeling, and the description of individual MWE types from the point of view of different theoretical frameworks, such as Dependency Grammar, Generative Grammar, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Lexical Functional Grammar, Lexicon Grammar